使用matplotlib繪圖－天天向上

官網 Matplotlib Examples

展示各式各樣繪圖範例, 實在太棒了!!!

matplotlib第一印象就是跟MATLAB繪圖風格超像, 因此學他就對了!

以下為官網展示範例中一部分, 先睹為快~

barh_demo

fill_demo

fill_demo_features

line_demo_dash_control

------------------------------------------------

接下, 開始撰寫第一個繪圖

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Created on Wed Oct 26 09:25:28 2016 @author: me1237guy"""from matplotlib.font_manager import FontPropertiesfont = FontProperties(fname=r"c:\windows\Fonts\SimSun.ttc", size=20)import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltx = np.linspace(0, 10, 1000)y = np.sin(x)z = np.cos(x**2)plt.figure(figsize=(8,4))plt.plot(x, y, label="$sin(x)$", color="red", linewidth=2)plt.plot(x, z, "b--", label="$cos(x^2)$")plt.xlabel("Time(s)", fontproperties=font)plt.ylabel("Amplitude", fontproperties=font)plt.title(u"中文測試中...", fontproperties=font)plt.ylim(-1.2, 1.2)plt.legend()plt.grid()plt.show()

1. 中文設定

from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties

font = FontProperties(fname=r"c:\windows\Fonts\SimSun.ttc", size=20)

2. 有用到中文的字串前面加上關鍵字 u, 並加上屬性fontproperties=font

plt.xlabel("Time(s)", fontproperties=font)

plt.ylabel("Amplitude", fontproperties=font)

plt.title(u"中文測試中...", fontproperties=font)

3. 前後$表示LaTeX數學公式

4. color 可用16進為 “#ff0000” 純紅色, 或是0~1三位數表示RGB, (1.0, 0.0, 0.0), 或是內建red

plt.plot(x, y, label="$sin(x)$", color="#00ff00", linewidth=2)

plt.plot(x, y, label="$sin(x)$", color="#ffff00", linewidth=2)

plt.plot(x, y, label="$sin(x)$", color=(0.0, 1.0, 1.0), linewidth=12)

5. 儲存fig

plt.savefig("F:\\python\\work\\test.png", dpi=120)

6. getp()
line1 = plt.plot(x, y, label="$sin(x)$", color=(0.0, 1.0, 1.0), linewidth=12)
plt.getp(line1)

line1 = plt.plot(x, y, label="$sin(x)$", color=(0.0, 1.0, 1.0), linewidth=12)      plt.getp(line1)   agg_filter = None   alpha = None   animated = False   antialiased or aa = True   axes = Axes(0.125,0.1;0.775x0.8)   children = []   clip_box = TransformedBbox(Bbox('array([[ 0.,  0.],\n       [...   clip_on = True   clip_path = None   color or c = (0.0, 1.0, 1.0)   contains = None   dash_capstyle = butt   dash_joinstyle = round   data = (array([  0.        ,   0.01001001,   0.02002002, ...   drawstyle = default   figure = Figure(640x478)   fillstyle = full   gid = None   label = $sin(x)$   linestyle or ls = -   linewidth or lw = 12   marker = None   markeredgecolor or mec = (0.0, 1.0, 1.0)   markeredgewidth or mew = 0.5   markerfacecolor or mfc = (0.0, 1.0, 1.0)   markerfacecoloralt or mfcalt = none   markersize or ms = 6.0   markevery = None   path = Path(array([[  0.        ,   0.        ],        [...   path_effects = []   picker = None   pickradius = 5   rasterized = None   sketch_params = None   snap = None   solid_capstyle = projecting   solid_joinstyle = round   transform = CompositeGenericTransform(TransformWrapper(Blended...   transformed_clip_path_and_affine = (None, None)   url = None   visible = True   xdata = [ 0.          0.01001001  0.02002002  0.03003003  ...   xydata = [[ 0.          0.        ]  [ 0.01001001  0.010009...   ydata = [ 0.          0.01000984  0.02001868  0.03002552  ...   zorder = 2

------------------------------------------

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Created on Wed Oct 26 11:09:13 2016 @author: 1234"""import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.figure(1)  # 建立圖表1plt.figure(2)  # 建立圖表2ax1 = plt.subplot(211)ax2 = plt.subplot(212)x = np.linspace(0, 3, 100)for i in xrange(5):    plt.figure(1)    plt.plot(x, np.exp(i*x/5))    plt.sca(ax1)    plt.plot(x, np.sin(i*x))    plt.sca(ax2)    plt.plot(x, np.cos(i*x))    plt.show()

---------------------------------------------------------------

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Created on Wed Oct 26 14:23:07 2016 @author: Ryan Wang"""import numpy as npfrom scipy import interpolateimport pylab as pl def func(x, y):    return (x+y)*np.exp(-5.0*((x-1)**2+(y-1)**2))   pl.close('all')   y, x = np.mgrid[-2:2:15j, -2:2:15j]fvals = func(x, y)  xnew = np.linspace(-2, 2, 100)ynew = np.linspace(-2, 2, 100)# 二維插值newfunc = interpolate.interp2d(x, y, fvals, kind='cubic') fnew = newfunc(xnew, ynew)  pl.figure(1)pl.subplot(121)pl.imshow(fvals, extent=[-2,2,-2,2], cmap=pl.cm.jet, interpolation='none', origin="lower")pl.colorbar()pl.title('imshow interpolation=none') pl.subplot(122)pl.imshow(fnew, extent=[-2,2,-2,2], cmap=pl.cm.jet, interpolation='none', origin="lower")pl.colorbar()pl.show() pl.figure(2)pl.subplot(121)pl.imshow(fvals, extent=[-2,2,-2,2], cmap=pl.cm.jet, interpolation='nearest', origin="lower")pl.colorbar()pl.title('imshow interpolation=nearest') pl.subplot(122)pl.imshow(fnew, extent=[-2,2,-2,2], cmap=pl.cm.jet, interpolation='nearest', origin="lower")pl.colorbar()pl.show() pl.figure(3)pl.subplot(121)pl.imshow(fvals, extent=[-2,2,-2,2], cmap=pl.cm.jet, interpolation='bilinear', origin="lower")pl.colorbar()pl.title('imshow interpolation=bilinear') pl.subplot(122)pl.imshow(fnew, extent=[-2,2,-2,2], cmap=pl.cm.jet, interpolation='bilinear', origin="lower")pl.colorbar()pl.show()  pl.figure(4)pl.subplot(121)pl.imshow(fvals, extent=[-2,2,-2,2], cmap=pl.cm.jet, interpolation='bicubic', origin="lower")pl.colorbar()pl.title('imshow interpolation=bicubic') pl.subplot(122)pl.imshow(fnew, extent=[-2,2,-2,2], cmap=pl.cm.jet, interpolation='bicubic', origin="lower")pl.colorbar()pl.show()

------------------------------------------------------------

繪製兩條直線

fig.patch.set_color(): 設定Figure背景顏色

extend() 增加到Figure物件的lines屬性

remove() 刪除Figure物件的lines屬性中某一個物件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Created on Thu Oct 27 10:28:18 2016 @author: Ryan Wang""" from matplotlib import linesimport matplotlib.pylab as pltfig = plt.figure(1)fig.patch.set_color("g")line1 = lines.Line2D([0,1],[0,1], transform=fig.transFigure, figure=fig, color="r")line2 = lines.Line2D([0,1],[1,0], transform=fig.transFigure, figure=fig, color="b")fig.lines.extend([line1, line2])fig.canvas.draw() pause(1)fig.patch.set_color("w")fig.lines.remove(line1)fig.canvas.draw()

更換背景至白色

刪除line1

------------------------------------------------

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Created on Fri Oct 28 10:01:13 2016 @author: Ryan Wang""" from matplotlib.font_manager import FontPropertiesimport numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.close('all')font = FontProperties(fname=r"c:\windows\fonts\simsun.ttc", size=14)x = np.random.random(10)y = np.random.random(10)plt.scatter(x, y, s=200, c=u'b', marker=(1,3), alpha=1, lw=2) # marker 1:多邊形1, 3:忽略 x = np.random.random(10)y = np.random.random(10)plt.scatter(x, y, s=200, c=u'r', marker=(3,0), alpha=1, lw=2) # 3:三角形 x = np.random.random(10)y = np.random.random(10)plt.scatter(x, y, s=200, c=u'k', marker=(5,0), alpha=1, lw=2) # 3:五角形  x = np.random.random(10)y = np.random.random(10)plt.scatter(x, y, s=200, c=u'y', marker=(4,0), alpha=1, lw=2) # 3:四角形 plt.xlim(0, 1)plt.ylim(0, 1)

------------------------------------------------

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-"""Created on Fri Oct 28 11:45:29 2016 @author: Ryan Wang"""from enthought.mayavi import mlab x =np.linspace(0, 100, 10000)y = np.sin(x)z = np.cos(x)t=xmlab.plot3d(x, y, z, t, tube_radius=0.2)mlab.show()